Ribosome mRNA Translation Process

A semi-3D flat diagram of ribosomal translation, showing the 70S ribosome in lateral cross-section. The large 60S subunit on top is rendered in a warm terracotta, the small 40S subunit below in muted gold. A mRNA strand threads through the intersubunit cleft from left (5′ end) to right (3′ end), shown as a pale orange ribbon with codons labelled "AUG", "GGA", "UCC" in 8 pt monospace. Three tRNA sites are visible: A-site (aminoacyl) with an incoming tRNA (lime green, carrying an amino acid ball in magenta), P-site (peptidyl) with a tRNA (cobalt blue) bearing a growing dipeptide chain shown as coloured spheres on a string, E-site (exit) with a spent tRNA (light grey) departing leftward. Peptide bond formation arrow between A-site and P-site. Elongation factor EF-Tu shown as a small rounded protein shape in the background. Colour-coded legend panel at lower-left. White background, 9 pt Helvetica labels, clean academic figure style.

一张核糖体翻译半 3D 扁平图，70S 核糖体侧面剖面：顶部暖赤陶 60S 大亚基，底部哑金 40S 小亚基，mRNA（淡橙色带 AUG/GGA/UCC 密码子标注）穿越其间。A 位：石灰绿 tRNA 携带品红氨基酸小球；P 位：钴蓝 tRNA 承担由彩球串成的生长肽链；E 位：浅灰 tRNA 向左退出。A-P 位间肽键形成箭头。背景小圆形 EF-Tu 延伸因子。左下色码图例，白色背景，9pt Helvetica 标注，学术图表风格。